Electronics you should know, explained by a lab
The concepts every maker and every software engineer touching hardware needs, and the bench skills to handle small fixes on your own boards. Written by the engineers who design and debug boards for a living, with a clear line on each page where the basics end and engineering starts.
Electronics fundamentals
Ohm's law to datasheets: components, packages, the circuits that appear on every board, and the mistakes that come with them.
Voltage, current, power and Ohm's law
The three quantities behind every circuit, and the one formula you use daily.
Resistors: types, values, colour codes and SMD codes
E-series, tolerance, power rating and how to read any resistor.
Capacitors: types, dielectrics and what the datasheet hides
Ceramic C0G vs X7R, electrolytic, tantalum, film, and the DC-bias trap.
What capacitors are used for: decoupling, filtering, timing and more
Decoupling, bulk, RC filters, time constants, coupling and debouncing.
Component packages explained: through-hole and SMD
0402 to 1206, SOT-23, SOIC, QFN, BGA: sizes, codes and what you can solder.
Pull-up and pull-down resistors: why inputs need them
Floating inputs, button circuits, open-drain outputs and how to choose values.
Voltage dividers: measuring higher voltages safely
The formula, the loading effect and why a divider is not a power supply.
Diodes and LEDs: rectifier, Schottky, Zener, TVS and LED resistors
One-way valves for current, and how to drive an LED correctly.
Transistors as switches: MOSFETs and BJTs from a microcontroller
Switch motors, relays and LED strips without killing the GPIO.
Voltage regulators: LDO or switching converter?
Dropout, efficiency and the heat calculation that decides it.
Logic levels and communication buses: UART, I²C and SPI
3.3 V vs 5 V, level shifting, and how the three common buses work.
How to read a datasheet without getting fooled
Absolute maximum vs recommended, typical vs guaranteed, and where the truth hides.
Soldering and bench skills
So that a loose wire or a swapped resistor does not have to wait for us. Each tutorial ends with the point where you should stop.
How to solder: the basics that actually matter
Temperature, tip, flux and what a good joint looks like.
How to solder a wire to a PCB pad
Strip, tin, join, strain-relieve. The most common small fix.
How to remove and replace a through-hole component
Braid, pump and fresh solder to clear holes without lifting pads.
How to hand-solder small SMD parts (0805, 0603)
Tack one pad, place, solder the other. Tweezers and flux do the work.
How to check a board with a multimeter before powering it
Continuity, shorts to ground and supply voltages, in the right order.
Electronics workbench starter kit: what to buy and what to skip
The tools we would buy for a small team that does its own small fixes.
Send us what you have. We tell you what it takes to finish it.
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